Mechanical transmission principle:
The power source of a press brake is typically an electric motor, which transmits power to the corresponding working components through various transmission methods. Common transmission methods include hydraulic transmission, mechanical transmission (such as gear transmission, lead screw transmission, etc.), and electric servo transmission.
Taking a hydraulically driven press brake as an example, the motor drives the hydraulic pump to operate, generating pressure in the hydraulic oil within the hydraulic system. This pressure is then transmitted through hydraulic pipelines to the hydraulic cylinder. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the upper die (or lower die, depending on the specific press brake structure) of the bending tool. Under the pressure of the hydraulic oil, the piston rod drives the upper die to move up and down in a linear motion, thereby bending the sheet material placed on the lower die. In mechanically or electrically servo-driven press brakes, the motor drives the bending tool through components such as gears and lead screws to perform the corresponding bending motion.

Die function principle:
The upper and lower dies of a press brake are designed with specific shapes and matching relationships. During bending, the metal sheet is first placed on the lower die. The upper die then moves downward under power-driven force. Relying on the complementary shapes of the upper and lower dies and the pressure applied during their contact, the sheet undergoes plastic deformation in the contact area, ultimately bending into the desired angle and shape according to the die's form. For example, using a common V-shaped upper die paired with a corresponding V-shaped lower die can produce standard right-angle bends. If special-shaped dies are used, more complex bends such as arcs or waves can be achieved.

Control system principle:
Modern press brakes are mostly equipped with advanced numerical control systems. Operators need to input command information such as bending parameters, including bending angle, length, sheet thickness, and number of bends, into the numerical control system. Based on these input commands, the numerical control system precisely controls the motor's speed, the movement of transmission components, and the actions of the dies, thereby achieving automated and precise bending processing. Additionally, some CNC bending machines are equipped with intelligent detection functions that can monitor pressure, angle deviations, and other conditions in real time during the bending process. If any abnormalities occur, the system will promptly issue an alarm and take corresponding adjustment measures to ensure the safety and quality of the bending process.