Sheet metal processing is a comprehensive cold - working process using thin metal sheets (usually with a thickness ≤ 6mm) as raw materials. Through processing steps such as cutting, stamping, bending, and welding of the sheets, customized parts with uniform thickness are formed. Its characteristics of high processing efficiency and controllable cost make it widely used in fields such as industrial manufacturing, consumer electronics, construction engineering, and the automotive industry.

 

I. Core Processes of Sheet Metal Processing

The core process of sheet metal processing can be divided into three major stages:

1. Material Cutting

The metal sheets are cut through methods such as shearing machines, laser cutting, or CNC stamping. Laser cutting technology is particularly suitable for complex structural parts and scenarios with high - precision requirements. It can process a wide range of thicknesses (e.g., from 0.5mm to 20mm) and avoids material deformation due to non - physical contact.

2. Forming Processing

- Bending and Stamping: Angle forming is completed using bending machines or molds. The stamping process can mass - produce holes and concave - convex structures.

- Edge Rolling and Rounding: Used for the forming of pipes and cylindrical parts, such as ventilation ducts and fuel tanks.

3. Connection and Surface Treatment

- Welding and Riveting: Arc welding and spot welding are suitable for high - strength connections; riveting is mostly used for detachable structures.

- Spraying and Oxidation: Anti - corrosion or decorative treatment is carried out on materials such as aluminum and stainless steel.

 

II. Commonly Used Materials and Key Points for Material Selection

The selection of sheet metal materials needs to balance functional requirements and cost control:

1. Cold - rolled Sheet (SPCC): It has a smooth surface and is easy to process, suitable for ordinary structural parts such as chassis and electrical appliance casings.

2. Hot - rolled Sheet (SHCC): It has a low cost but is more difficult to form, mostly used for non - precision parts.

3. Galvanized Sheet (SGCC/SECC): It has strong corrosion resistance and is commonly used in outdoor equipment or humid environments.

4. Aluminum Sheet (6061/6063): It is the preferred choice for lightweight applications. Its weather resistance is improved through oxidation treatment, and it is used in consumer electronics products and automotive parts.

5. Stainless Steel: It does not require additional treatment, has high strength but a relatively high cost, and is suitable for medical devices and food machinery.

When selecting materials, the principle of "≤ 3 types of sheet specifications for the same structure" should be followed to improve material utilization and simplify the processing process.

 

III. Examples of Application Scenarios

The consistent thickness and diverse forming capabilities of sheet metal parts allow them to penetrate into multiple industries:

- Electronic Equipment: Computer cases, TV backplanes, charging pile enclosures, etc.

- Transportation: Automobile bodies, chassis, and ventilation systems for rail transit.

- Industrial Equipment: Machine casings, control cabinets, and components of automated production lines.

- Architectural Decoration: Ventilation ducts, steel structure connectors, and art installations.

 

IV. Technical Difficulties and Optimization Solutions

1. Design of Hole and Notch Structures

The processing of square holes and threaded holes is likely to cause edge deformation. It is necessary to use pre - punching combined with the progressive forming process or introduce CNC laser cutting to reduce manual intervention.

2. Optimization of Material Utilization

Modular design should be adopted, combined with CAD software for simulated layout. Scrap materials can be used for the production of small parts. The sheet metal beading technology can improve the strength without increasing the thickness.

 

V. Future Development Trends

Digitalization and automation are reshaping sheet metal processing:

- Popularization of Intelligent Equipment: Laser cutting machines and CNC bending machines enable unmanned production, increasing efficiency by more than 30%.

- Integration of Processes: Processes such as welding and grinding are completed integrally by robots, reducing the reliance on manual labor.

- Enhanced Customization Capability: Small - batch flexible production meets personalized needs, promoting the development of processes towards high precision and high complexity.

Stainless Steel Press Brake

Through precise material selection, process optimization, and technological upgrading, sheet metal processing will continue to empower precision manufacturing and industrial innovation, becoming an indispensable pillar technology in modern manufacturing.