Plate shears are mechanical equipment specifically designed for cutting metal sheets. They apply shear force to the sheets through the relative movement of the upper and lower blades to achieve efficient cutting. As a core device in the field of forging and pressing machinery, it is indispensable in industries such as metal processing, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, and aerospace, providing important support for industrial production with its high precision and high efficiency.

 

I. Composition of Core Components

1. Frame Structure: As the supporting framework of the plate shears, the frame is usually made of high - strength cast steel or welded steel plates to ensure the stability of the equipment during the high - pressure shearing process.

2. Blade System: The upper blade is installed on the movable tool holder, and the lower blade is fixed on the workbench. The gap between the two can be finely adjusted according to the thickness of the sheet, which directly affects the flatness of the sheared surface.

3. Material Pressing Device: Before shearing, it presses the sheet through a hydraulic or mechanical mechanism to prevent material deviation and ensure accurate cutting dimensions.

4. Power Transmission System: Mechanical plate shears are driven by gears and crankshafts, while hydraulic ones rely on oil pumps. The latter can provide greater shear force and operate more smoothly.

5. Intelligent Control Unit: CNC plate shears are equipped with a human - machine interface and a programming system, which can preset parameters such as cutting length and angle, greatly improving the level of automation.

 

II. Mainstream Types and Technical Characteristics

1. Classification by Structure:

   - Oblique - blade Plate Shears: The upper blade is inclined at an angle of 1° - 6°. Progressive shearing reduces energy consumption, and it is suitable for processing medium - and thick - sized sheets. It accounts for more than 70% of the market application volume.

   - Straight - blade Plate Shears: The upper and lower blades are arranged in parallel, providing a high - flatness sheared surface. They are mostly used for the initial cutting of hot - rolled steel billets.

   - Multi - process Combination Machines: For example, combination punching and shearing machines can simultaneously complete profile shearing and sheet punching. The integrated design saves the time for process transfer.

2. Classification by Driving Method:

   - Hydraulic - driven Type: It provides power through hydraulic cylinders, with a maximum shear force of up to thousands of tons. It is suitable for high - load continuous operation scenarios.

   - CNC Servo Type: It uses a servo motor and a grating scale for closed - loop control, and the cutting accuracy error can be controlled within ±0.05mm.

 

III. Cross - industry Application Scenarios

In the automobile manufacturing industry, plate shears are used for the precise cutting of body steel sheets. In the aerospace industry, the special - shaped cutting of titanium alloy sheets depends on high - rigidity plate - shearing equipment. In the construction industry, special steel - structure production lines are used to achieve efficient blanking of angle steel and H - shaped steel. In addition, plate shears play a key role in standardized production in scenarios such as power equipment manufacturing and household appliance shell processing.

 

IV. Operation Specifications and Maintenance Points

1. Safety Operation Procedures:

   - Before starting, confirm that the blade gap matches the thickness of the sheet to prevent tool cracking.

   - It is prohibited to shear ultra - hard materials such as quenched steel and cast iron to avoid damaging the equipment.

   - Wear goggles throughout the operation. Ensure that the material pressing device is fully locked before starting the shearing program.

2. Equipment Maintenance Strategies:

   - Clean the debris on the guide rails and blade edges after daily operation, and check the oil temperature and oil level of the hydraulic system weekly.

   - Replace the hydraulic oil filter element every 500 working hours and apply high - temperature - resistant grease to the slide block guide rails.

   - The positioning accuracy of the CNC system needs to be calibrated regularly. Use a laser interferometer for calibration to ensure the stability of processing dimensions.

 

V. Technological Development Trends

With the advancement of Industry 4.0, intelligent plate shears have begun to integrate IoT modules, which can monitor the operating status of the equipment in real - time and perform predictive maintenance through the cloud. The application of technologies such as laser - assisted alignment systems and multi - axis linkage control further enhances the processing ability of sheets with complex shapes. In addition, the introduction of lightweight body design and regenerative braking energy recovery systems significantly reduces the energy consumption of the equipment.

 

As a basic equipment in modern manufacturing, the technological upgrading of plate shears continuously promotes the innovation of the metal processing industry. By selecting models that match their own production needs and combining standardized operation processes and maintenance systems, enterprises can fully unleash the potential of the equipment and provide a solid guarantee for high - quality production.